It was all dark, but at the turning The Lion had a window burning. So in we went and up the stairs, Treading as still as cats and hares. The way the stairs creaked made you wonder If dead men's bones were hidden under. At head of stairs upon the landing A woman with a lamp was standing; she greet each gent at head of stairs, With "Step in, gents, and take your chairs. The punch'll come when kettle bubble, But don't make noise or there'll be trouble."
From "The Everlasting Mercy" by John Masefield.
Nos 2 to 10.
This section of the 1839 Tithe map shows the top right of Bye Street at the Lower Cross.
Plot 198 is now, of course, where the Almshouses are but in 1839 only the South wing, (i.e. from the centre arched gateway towards the Feathers) was built with the North wing added in 1866. The Tithe Apportionment shows that Plots 195 to 198 were all owned by St Catherine's Hospital, Plot 198 being a yard occupied by Robert Ballard. (For more on him see Foley House on the North side).
Plot No
Description
1839.
1841.
197
Houses and Yards
Benjamin Hodges & Emmanuel Davis.
Benjamin Hodges. 50 Shoe Maker
Emmanuel Davis. 70 Ag Lab  
196
Houses and Yards
John Yarnold, John Banks & John Green.
Elizabeth Brookes 30 Ag Lab. John Green 30 Susan Smith 35 Independent.  
Benjamin Hodges, variously described as a shoemaker and crier of this town,
As the literacy of the population was low into the late 19th century, criers were appointed as a useful way of hearing about proclamations, edicts, laws etc.
After the ringing of his bell, in order to attract the crowd, the Town Crier would read a proclamation, often at the door of the local inn, then nail it to the doorpost of the inn. This led to some of the crowd entering the inn to discuss the news over a flagon of ale, often to the gratitude of the landlord and the advantage of the Town Crier.
Born c 1790, he married Sarah ? In about 1811. They had Benjamin in 1811, Lucy in 1814, John in 1816, Sarah in 1819, William* and Michael in 1822, James in 1824, Elizabeth in 1826, Charlotte in 1829.
Sarah died in 1862 aged 76.
Still here in 1871 as County Court Bailiff, he died at the ripe old age of 89 in 1879.
* William married Elizabeth Jones in 1842. They had Ellen in 1845, Benjamin in 1847, Henry in 1850 (for more on Henry see No 42 below) and Charlotte in 1854 (follow her below). William, listed as County Court Bailiff like his father in 1881, died in 1883.
Emmanuel Davis b 1774 married Elizabeth ? b 1780. They had Thomas in 1802, William in 1803, Jane in 1809 and Ann in 1812. Emmanuel died in 1846. Elizabeth is still here in 1851 with Ann, who had married Ambrose Webb in 1831, Jane Webb 17 and Ambrose Webb 13, grandchildren.
Elizabeth (later Brookes) b 1803 married Bartholomew (aka Barclay) Bishop in about 1825. They had Robert in 1826, Daniel in 1827 and John in 1829. Bartholomew died in 1831 aged just 25 in Bishop Street. Elizabeth remarried John Brookes, b 1798, in 1834 and they had Ann in 1835, Charlotte in 1838, Mary in 1840 and Eliza in 1846. They are all living together in 1841 and 1851 where John is listed as a Shoe Maker.
John died in 1877.
John Green, another shoemaker! b 1812, married Mary Griffiths b 1812, in 1835. They had Eliza in 1838, John in 1841, Mary Ann in 1843 and Sarah in 1847. Here in 1851 they moved to the Homend by 1861. John died in 1886 Mary in 1899.
Susan Smith, b 1806, is living with her father William Smith, 80, Frederick Smith, 70 and 5 other young men probably lodgers. William died later in 1841. Susan married Thomas Everton in 1843 and they had Thomas in 1844. Nothing else found.
From all this it follows that there are five houses here and moving into the C20 gives more details.
House No.
No of Rooms.
1910 Survey.
1911 Census.
1920 Register.
1939 Census.
2
4
Wm Mayo
William Mayo 55 Groom & Gardener.
William Mayo
Frances Mayo.
4
4
H Jackson
Henry Ernest Jackson 30 Grocers Assistant.
Henry Jackson
Jackson Henry.
6
3
Maria Baggott
Maria Baggott 57 widow.
Maria Baggott
8
4
Mrs Wheale
Agnes Wheale 57 Laundress.
Agnes Wheale
Wheale Jack
10
6
T Johnson
Thomas Johnson 49 Hairdresser.
Thomas Johnson
Johnson Thomas.
Numbers 2, 4 and 10 faced Bye Street. Nos 6 and 8 did not and were known as 'No 1 Court' accessed from a passageway between No 4 & 10.
This aerial view of 1929, with significant buildings identified, shows the backs of No's 2 to 10 plus No 16. They must have had a fine view of the gardens of the Master's House!
The image on the left shows Nos 2 and 4 as small matching cottages next to the Almshouse wall and No 10, a much larger house occupied by Thomas Johnson in 1910.
On the right is the 'back' of Nos 6 and 8, the front being accessed through an entry between No 4 and 10.
No 2 Occupied by the same family for more than 100 years! William Mayo married Charlotte Hodges (see above) in 1877. They had William Henry in 1878, Charles in 1881, George in 1882, Frances Ellen in 1885 and Eliza in 1888. They are all here through the censuses with Charlotte's mother, Elizabeth dying in 1914 aged 93!
Charlotte died in 1924, William in 1931. Frances Ellen (aka Ellen Frances) carried on living here until she died in 1962. The house was demolished in 1967.
No 4 Timothy Jackson (1842 ─ 1910) married Emma Maria née Price (1843 ─ 1910) in 1866. Amongst others they had Henry Ernest, born in Ledbury in 1881. In 1891 the family are in No 10 where Timothy is a Jobbing Gardener but by 1901 they had moved to No 4. Timothy and Emma both died in 1910. Henry Ernest married Alice née Jackson (a cousin?) in Newent in 1906 and they are in No 4 in 1911 with Edwin age 2 and Philip age 1 they later had Phyllis in 1917. He died in No 4 in 1944, Alice elsewhere in 1968. Demolished in 1967
From Hereford Times Saturday September 17 1910
LEDBURY. SUDDEN DEATH WHILST AT WORK: On Monday morning, whilst Timothy Jackson, 68 years of age, and living No. 4, Bye-street, Ledbury, was working in a garden for Mr H. W. Orme in Bank Crescent, he was suddenly seized with a fit, and before he could conveyed to his home he expired. He had been under the doctor's hands for some time, and the necessary certificate having been granted no inquest was considered necessary. Deceased leaves, a widow and family, ail whom are grown up.
No 6
William Lambert (1829 ─ 1890) is here, in No 6, in 1881 with married daughter Maria Baggott, and grandchildren Alfred Baggott b 1876 and Clara Baggott b 1879.
Maria Baggott, here in 1910 (see above), had an unorthodox life!
Born in 1853 as Hannah Maria Lambert she married James Baggott (1800 ─ 1880) in the March quarter of 1876, she was 22, he was 76. They had Alfred Thomas in the June quarter of the same year, it doesn't take too much imagination what happened here. A daughter Clara was born in 1879.
James died in 1880 and Maria's father William died in 1890.
Maria, now with no father or husband, is in the workhouse in 1891 with three more children, William J. b 1884, Charles Thorne Baggott b 1889 and Edith b 1890, all born after her husband had died. I cannot find a registration entry for William, Charles Thorne Baggott's birth registration leaves Mother's maiden name blank.
In 1901 Maria, William and Edith are in a small cottage on the other side of Bye Street, (No 6 is unoccupied) but somehow she makes it back to No 6 by 1911 where she is on her own. She died in Ledbury in 1929.
No 6 was demolished in 1965.
No 8
James Wheale, a Tailor, was born in Ledbury in 1819. He married Ann(e) Minton b 1817 from Worcester in about 1840.
James and Ann are certainly in No 8 in 1871 possibly 1861.
They had James in 1839, Henry in 1841 in Worcester with Mary Ann in 1847, Fanny in 1849, Selena in 1851, Thomas in 1856, Edward in 1859 and Charles in 1862 all in Ledbury. Ann died in 1879, James in 1886.
Charles, also a Tailor, is in No 8 in 1891.
Charles married Agnes Gregg, b 1859, in 1889 and they had Edith Florence in 1891, Gladys in 1893 and Jack in 1901.
Charles died in 1905 age just 43 and Agnes, widow, is here in 1911 with Gladys 18 and John 10. Agnes died in 1936.
Jack married Martha Owens in 1935, they had Patricia in 1936 and Doreen in 1937 and this family are in No 8 in 1939. Jack died in 1943 at the young age of 42, Martha remained in No 8 until it was demolished in 1966.
No 10
Thomas Johnson, a hairdresser, b Ledbury 1862 married Elizabeth Emily Chadd, b 1867 in Ledbury in 1889.
They had Bertram George in 1891, Norah Madeline in 1892 and Gertrude Emily Sarah in 1894. Elizabeth died in 1942, Thomas in 1943.
In 1939 Norah is living with her parents in No 10. Seems unlikely at the age of 69 but a Norah M Johnson married a John Ballinger in Romford in 1961 after which No 10 is unoccupied until it was demolished in 1965. Norah M Ballinger died in 1964.
All the above were demolished by 1967 to provide access to the car park. The Numbers 12 and 14 were not used when house numbers were set.
A Grade 2 listed building.
C18. Painted brick. Tiled roof with gable ends. Brick dentil eaves. L - shaped on plan with left hand gable end facing street. 1 window, 3 storeys, 3 light - casements with segmental heads. To right: 2 storeys, 1 window, 2 - light casement. Across whole of ground floor a Victorian shop front with narrow fascia and cornice, pilasters and elliptically headed window lights.
This picture of No 16, taken about 100 years ago, does not show 'a Victorian shop front across the whole of the ground floor' conflicting with the listing above. (see todays picture below)
No 16 is circled here on the 1839 Tithe Map.
The owner in 1839 was Robert Phelps (1790 ─ 1848). He was a solicitor in Hereford then Ledbury and finally Tewkesbury. He was not too successful in business!
From the Hereford Times Saturday 05 February 1842
To Be Sold
Before the Major part of the Commissioners named and authorised by a fiat in Bankruptcy awarded and issued and now in prosecution, against ROBERT PHELPS of Tewkesbury in the County of Gloucester, Scrivener, Dealer and Chapman, at the Swan Inn Tewkesbury, on Monday, the 14th day of February 1842, at One o'clock in the Afternoon of the same day. In the following lots:
Lot 1
All those THREE MESSUAGES, cottages, or Tenements, with the Yards, Gardens, Cellars, Outbuildings, and Appurtenances to the same belonging, situate and being in the Bye street, in the Town of Ledbury, in the County of Hereford, and in the several occupations of James Cale and William Fawke.
(The other Lots were not in Ledbury)
Occupants are:
Plot No
Description
1839.
1841.
194
House and Yards
Mary Hook William Fawkes.
James Cale. 50 Butcher
William Fawke. 50 Butcher.
Mary Hook (1804 ─ 1852) has moved four doors down by 1841.
William Fawke (aka Fawkes) (1789 ─ 1857) married Elizabeth Lane (1771 ─ 1859) in Colwall in 1813. They had William in 1814 (in Bishop Street), Hannah in 1817, Mary Ann in 1824, Ann in 1826 and Henry in 1831. William and Elizabeth both died in Bishop Street.
James Cale (1788 ─ 1862) was one of the original butchers in 'Butcher's Row' as this advert shows:
He married Elizabeth Johnson (1799 ─ 1867) the landlady of the 'Sun Tavern', a pub in Butcher's Row, in 1817, they had James in 1819, Elizabeth in 1825, William in 1837 and Eliza in 1839.
Evidently not a nice person after too much to drink as this story about life on the Ledbury streets at that time shows.
From the Hereford Times October 5th 1833:
Ledbury. ASSAULT UPON A CONSTABLE.
At the public office in this town, on Thursday sen'night, James Cale, better known by the appellation of the Bath Butcher, was brought up charged with having committed a savage assault upon Samuel Purnell, constable. To narrate the facts, we make the following extract from the complainant's statement in his own words, namely:
About 11 o'lock during the night of Friday the 13th inst., a man called at my house, and requested me to search a lodging house, wherein was a person whom he suspected had stolen his watch; I did search; on returning home about one o'clock, I heard a noise down the street; I went and dispersed several persons; I then went through the town to see if all was quiet, as there had been many public dinner parties the preceding day, when opposite the George Inn, I heard wrangling in the house; I went in and soon afterwards all was quiet, and most of the company left. After staying some time, the waiter came in and told me James Cale was in the house, quarrelsome, and refused to pay for glass of liquor; he asked me to prevail on him to pay and leave the house. I advised Cale to do so, when after a few words he knocked me down; as I was rising up he again knocked me down, and my head struck against the bar door post and I was stunned; on recovering myself, found one of my ankles was much sprained. I then saw Cale being put out of the house by the landlord and others, this was about two o'clock soon afterwards I started for home, the waiter assisted as I was lame; on going up the Homend Street, Cale accosted us and accused me of having his hat, and then knocked me down; I got up and knocked him down with my club, and requested the waiter to assist in taking him to the Boothall; he said he would go for more assistance and left me, but did not return; Cale was then on his legs, and in an instant he again knocked me down, and fell upon me and beat and kicked me unmercifully, until I was obliged to cry out for help, but no one came he then stamped on my body and left me; I bled a great deal and could scarce walk home. Cale beset my house nearly the whole the following day, uttering most malicious and threatening language towards me and my family. It was five days before I was able to apply to a magistrate. The defendant upon being called upon to find sureties for his appearance to answer for the assault at the Sessions, seemed conscious of his uncivilized propensities, and if the scale of justice could have been swayed by terms of humility, the defendant would not have been deficient in such phraseology; however the sureties not being forthcoming, he was committed to prison to await the decision of a court of justice.
The newspapers do not record what happened to James.
Moving into the C20:
House No.
No of Rooms.
1910 Survey.
1911 Census.
1920 Register.
1939 Register.
16
5
F Merritt.
Reginald James Pitt 27 Builder.
Ernest Thompson.
Coley Wilfred.
In 1910 Nos 16, 18 and all of Temperance Court (see later) were owned by G J Smith 27 Kensington Crescent Swansea.
Frederick Merritt, shoemaker (1864 ─ 1913), was only here briefly. Neither he or his family are from Ledbury. He is in the Homend in 1901 and 1911, quite why he is here in 1910 is unclear. His son Thomas (1890 ─ ?) married Marion Ellen Maddox, whose father was a seed merchant in the Homend, in 1911. They settled in No 8 Southend where they sold seeds and repaired boots!
For more on Reginald James Pitt see No 40 below.
But it is the name Coley that is best remembered in association with No 16. Wilfred Coley arrived here in 1935 and established a very popular grocer's shop. Renting No 16 at first he bought the premises in about 1947 He died in 1969 aged 66 and his son, John, carried on until 1973 after which it became 'Chandos Coffee Shop' and is now the Golden Gate Chinese takeaway.
Plot No 193, No 18, is circled here on the Tithe Map.
Sidney Gregg is the owner in 1839. For more on him see The Brewery Inn on the North Side page.
Occupants are:
Plot No
Description
1839.
1841.
193
House
John Seaborn Mary Gurney.
John Seaborn 45 Mason.
Mary Gurney 60.
This picture shows No 18 about 100 years ago. The sign reads:
Licensed Temperance Lodging House Good Accomodation for Travellers
Always a lodging house, No 18 was quite large and housed two families in 1841.
Mary Gurney has a mixed household of 4, presumably lodgers, which I don’t propose to go into here. She died in 1855 in the Homend age 75.
John Seaborn married Mary Harriss. They had Sarah in 1829, Thomas in 1831, Ann in 1834, John in 1836 (died 1837), May in 1839, William in 1843 and Ellen in 1845. He died in 1863 aged 69, Mary in 1886 aged 80. All events in Ledbury.
Moving into the C20.
House No.
No of Rooms.
1910 Survey.
1911 Census.
1920 Register.
1939 Census
18
7
Jas Lloyd.
James Lloyd 74 Chimney Sweep.
Bert Morris. George Warren William Arthur Hill
Bert Morris.
James Lloyd (1836 ─ 1918) married Ann Beard from Stroud (1840 ─ 1922) in about 1864. ( I cannot find a marriage). They had Mary Ann in 1864, Elizabeth in 1868, Christiana in 1870, Amelia in 1873, Walter James in 1878, George in 1881 and Ada in 1885. Always a chimney sweep he is in Smoke Alley, off the Homend, in 1871 and 1881 but had moved to No 18 by 1891 which seems a pity given his trade and early address!
In 1911 he is here with Ann, daughter Ada and three lodgers, John Brown, 30 Painter,
Joseph Smith, 35 Farm Labourer, and Charles Jones, 40 Farm Labourer.
Bert Morris was in No 18 until 1941 after which it was empty, possibly demolished, until 1947. Bought by Wilfred Coley (see No 16), he had the current house built naming it ' Venco' the name being derived from his wife's maiden name VENables and COley. The house is now called Henley. I believe this house only occupied the site of the left hand part of No 18 as seen in the picture with the right hand part being now part of the Gym. More on this in the next section.
I am calling this section Temperance Court as that is how this area is referred to in Tilley's Almanacks. What was here originally seems to be anybody's guess. Some authorities say it was the location of the Bishop's Palace, others say the Palace adjoined the church. I think I subscribe to the first view, why was the street historically called Bishop Street? Whatever the early history was this is how 'Historic England' describes the setting in 1932:
Nos 28 ─ 32 Bye Street the "Bishop's Palace", is an interesting example of 14th century work, The front block was the hall of the 14th century house, of 4 bays, but the East bay may perhaps have formed part of the kitchen wing and the next bay west of it, the screens of thr hall. A floor and chimney stack were inserted in the late 16th or early 17th centuries, and the back wing was added later in the 17th century.
Listed as "especially worthy of preservation"!
Note that No 18 above is called 'Temperance Lodging House' but of course we shall never know what was named first.
Shown on the right is the 1839 Tithe map for this area.
The plots facing the street have consecutive numbers, Plot 193 becomes House No 18 in the C20 as shown above, Plot 192 becomes House No 36. Between these are Plot Nos 287, 288 and 289.
Here is the Tithe Apportionment for these, (I am not making this up it really does say adjoining No 192):
Plot No
Description
Owner.
Occupier.
287
Houses and yards adjoining No 192
William Meredith.
Richard Jay.
William Hodges.
Samuel George
288
House and yard adjoining No 192
Samuel Mason.
Ann Elsmore.
289
House adjoining No 192
John Fisher.
Levi Parker.
This shows there were five dwellings here in 1839 and this is confirmed in the 1841 census. Although people always seemed to be on the move in those days some names are still here. Here is the listing:
Levi Parker 30, Ag Lab, with Mary Ann, 50, Thomas 14, Harriett 12, Sarah 3, John 40 Ag Lab and Lucy Hodges 80 Pauper. Ann Elsmore 40, Ag Lab, with Mary 20, John 20, Samuel 20, James 15, George 13, and Thomas 12. William Treherne 60, Ag Lab, with Charlotte 40, Ag Lab, Mary Ann 13, Jane 10, and Margaretta 2. Margaret Hodges 30, Ag Lab, with Frederick Lane 11, William Hodges 5 and James Hodges 3. Thomas Butcher 40, Ag Lab, with Mary 30, Eliza 15 and Joseph 4.
This is the case in 1841 and later censuses confirm that there were 5 dwellings here
The 20th century house numbering (sometime before 1910) allocated 8 numbers for this area, 20 to 34 inclusive, even numbers only. The 1910 survey, which was carried out to establish the housing stock and is not a population census, does indeed show 8 Premises with only one occupied. Not very informative but I have included it for completeness. (These Plot Numbers have no correlation with the Tithe map Plot Numbers).
Plot No.
Occupier.
Description
642
House & Premises
643
House & Premises
644
House & Premises
645
House & Premises
646
House & Premises
647
House & Premises
648
H. Walker
Stable
649
Yard
The H. Walker could be Harry Walker b 1883, a house painter living in 211 The Homend with a groom in the household.
In taking the early censuses the enumerator would walk along the street recording every houshold as he went and showing an unoccupied house as just that.
The 1911 census was the first where the householder had to fill the form in himself consequently there are no records of uninhabited houses and that census for this area shows only one in occupation, i.e.
28 Bye Street, 5 Rooms,
Laura Hill 42 Widow born Ledbury
Gladys 20 Domestic Servant b Ledbury
William Arthur Hill 17 Errand Boy b Ledbury
Lilian Hill 11 School b Worcester
Laura's husband William, b 1842, died in the last quarter of 1910 and I can imagine her desperately taking any accomodation, however humble, at that time. Her son, William Arthur Hill is doubtless the one in No 18 in 1920, (see above). Laura died in Ledbury in 1946.
No 28 is also the only one listed with an occupant in the 1920 Electoral Register with John & Elizabeth Pickford resident.
But Charles Henry 'Charlie' Pritchard has set up business here in 1920 according to this advert. Living in 53 Bye Street at the time of his Army enlistment in 1914 and still registered there in 1920 Electoral Register, this business must have been a very new venture at this time.
In 1935 Tilley's still lists Temperance Court and shows Mrs Pickford in No 28, C Pritchard in No 30.
It seems that only Nos 28 and 30, were habitable!
A street scene taken about 100 years ago.
The entrance to 'Temperance Court' is through the gate by the first telegraph pole and between the two lean to buildings. These buildings were included in the listing and presumably would have been Numbers 20 and 32.
Despite the footnote at the end of Historic England's description it was sadly not preserved and was demolished in about 1945 to be replaced first by a warehouse then by the Gymnasium seen today.
These two cottages, seen to the right of the street scene above, I can't really sort out satisfactorily.
The Tithe map, Plot 192, suggests there is only one house here owned by Hannah Bowkett and occupied by William Edwards but the 1841 census lists two households between Thomas Butcher (see above) and the White Lion (see later).
They are:
William Edwards 40 Ag Lab, Mary 20 and Hannah 15.
William Green 70 Ag Lab, Sarah 75 and Sarah 35.
William Green died aged 82 in 1849 in Bishop St., Sarah in 1859 aged 99 in Bye Street.
Sarah junior, now 53, married William Harford, a coal dealer of Bye Street, in 1857.
William Edwards married Ann Dally in 1819. They had Mary in 1821, Thomas in 1823, Hannah in 1826 and William in 1829. Ann died age 45 in 1835, William in 1858 age 63.
I find the situation in the C20 confusing!
In the 1911 census the householder has to complete the form with his address so the entries must be correct? They should know where they were living! Here is the recorded entry:
House No.
No of Rooms.
1910 Survey.
1911 Census.
1920 Register.
1939 Survey
36
2
Mrs Farley.
Edith A Davis 33.
Alexander Palmer.
Alice Baker.
38
2
J Hodges.
Alva Fred Watson 45.
Samuel G Lear.
I could understand this if the numbers had been 34 and 36!
The 1911 listing shows in No 36:
Edith A Davis, 33, Dorothy Beale, 7, Beatrice Davis 5, Ernest Davis, 3, William Davis 6 months all from Ledbury.
Edith Beale married Ernest Davis in Ledbury in 1906
and in No 38 Alva Fred Watson 45, plumber, with his wife Lilian Watson 44, and 5 children none from Ledbury.
Next in the enumerator's walk is the White Lion followed by No 40. As The White Lion today is Number 38 the above is beyond me and I shall move quickly on to the Lion.
The first newspapaer reference I can find about the White Lion is this from the Hereford Journal of Fenruary 18th 1789:
White Lion Inn
Ledbury Herefordshire. John Grundy respectfully informs the public that he carries on the business of his late aunt Grundy, at the above inn, where he humbly hopes for the continuance of the favours of her customers and the public in general; his utmost endeavours will be used to render the house comfortable, and to provide good entertainment and excellent liquors.
His Aunt was Elizabeth Grundy (1719 ─ 1789) née Hartland who married Joseph Grundy in 1757.
The 1839 Tithe map can be seen here on the right. The Apportionment shows Plots 191 and 190 owned by George Barnes who is the landlord of The White Lion in 1841.
These two plots were the Lion building and No 40, still there today.
Plot No
Description
Owner.
1839 Occupier.
1841 census
191
House and Garden
George Barnes.
Thomas Weston.
William Green 70.
George Barnes (1793-1845) married Sarah Parker in about 1838.
They had Mary Ann in 1839 (died the same year) and Charles in 1840.
Sadly George died in 1845. Sarah remarried Charles Jones in 1848 both of Bishop St.
His death prompted a sale of the Inn:
From the Hereford Journal May 23rd 1846
LEDBURY, HEREFORDSHIRE. TO BE SOLD BY AUCTION, BY JOSEPH BIRD, At the White Lion Inn, Ledbury, on Wednesday, the 10th day of June, 1846, at four o'clock in the afternoon, by direction of the mortgagee, under power of sale, and subject to conditions to be then produced. ALL that old established and well frequented INN, called THE WHITE LION, situate in the town or Ledbury, aforesaid, with the stables, out building, and garden, thereto adjoining and belonging, late in the occupation of Mr. George Barnes, deceased, together with pew in the parish church of Ledbury, aforesaid. An extensive business has for many years been carried on at the above Inn; the newly made wharf and basin of the Hereford and Gloucester canal, nearly adjoining thereto, and the projected railways, afford a certain prospect of a considerable increase in the business. For further particulars apply to Messrs. Mutlow, or to Mr. Masefield, solicitors, all of Ledbury.
Bought by Edward Lissiman as the following item shows:
From the Hereford Times September 9th 1848:
INNKEEPERS' LICENCES;
This being the general annual licensing day, the Bench was occupied for some time in receiving the different licenses in the district, all of which were renewed. The Magistrates said that a complaint had been made against Mr Edward Lissiman of the White Lion Ledbury, for allowing drunkenness and swearing in his skittle alley, to the great annoyance of the Rev. Canon Morgan. The bench ordered a memorandum to be put in the "black" book to the effect that if a complaint was made against the White Lion during the ensuing year, the license would be refused at the next licensing day.
The 1851 census shows Edward Lissiman here with his wife, Elizabeth, and young son John.
I am not going into Edward's family here, for more see under Lissiman here and here
As mentioned above Sarah Barnes, née Parker, remarried Charles Jones in 1848. This family are next door in No 40 in 1851 and the list shows a lot of family history:
Name.
Relationship.
Age.
Birthplace.
Levi Parker.
Head.
62.
Ledbury.
Lucy Hodges.
Mother in Law.
91.
Munsley.
Charles Jones.
Son in Law.
25.
Ledbury.
Sarah Jones.
Daughter.
31.
Ledbury.
Charles Barnes.
Grandson.
10.
Ledbury.
Henry Barnes.
Grandson.
4.
Ledbury.
Lewis Jones.
Grandson.
1.
Ledbury.
Henry Barnes is a bit of a mystery as George died in 1845.
Nothing newsworthy seems to happen while the Lissimans were landlords. Edward died in 1870 after which Elizabeth had the licence until she died in 1877 and then from the Hereford Journal February 9th 1878:
Mr John Lissiman purchased the White Lion for £795
Presumably now tenanted, judging by the names mentioned below, it seems to get a bad reputation.
In January 1880 Mr Charles Simons, landlord of the White Lion, was summoned for permitting drunkenness, fined £5 and licence endorsed and in 1889 James Elsmore was likewise fined £2 and his licence endorsed. In March 1899 the licence was transferred from George Gurney to George William Watkins.
At the next licensing meeting in September of that year the licence was refused:
From the Worcestershire Chronicle September 9th 1899:
Supt. Phillips presented his report, in which he stated that the public houses were generally well conducted. He had given notice to G W Watkins of the White Lion Ledbury, that he intended to oppose the renewal of his license on the ground:
(1) that the White Lion had been badly conducted;
(2) that the construction of the premises does not afford adequate police supervision;
(3) that the said license is not necessary for the requirements of the locality.
Mr. Corner of Hereford, appeared for the police and opposed renewal of the license. He said the record of this house was a bad one. Against the various occupiers there had been four convictions and three endorsements. Mr. Treasure of Gloucester, appeared for the owners of the house Messrs. Lane Bros, and Bastow, and stated that the present tenant was a man against whom nothing could be brought, and the conviction of previous tenants was not admissible.
Mr. J. Owen gave the record of convictions, and Supt. Phillips stated the house was a rough one and gave good deal of trouble with it. He did not consider it necessary as there were 16 licensed houses within half a mile Sergeant Lloyd also gave similar evidence.
Mr. Treasurer, on the point that the house was not necessary, stated that the house was 42 yards only from the Cattle Market. On market and other days the stables were largely used by farmers and others. He also presented a memorial, signed by over 100 persons, in favour of renewal. Mr C H Bastow supported the point of public convenience. Mrs. Watkins, wife of the present tenant, stated the persons who signed the memorial did so at her house written in the last 10 days. Mr Hy. Pedlingham stated his opinion that the house was necessary for the accommodation of the inhabitants. The Bench retired for consultation and the chairman then said the licence is refused.
A later appeal was also refused but at that appeal the owners said that they paid £1,700 for the property in 1890.
In 1901 Albert Griffin is here as a "Dairyman and Milk" and in a report of 1903 it is described as the "White Lion Restaurant" and taking lodgers as this report shows:
From the Hereford Journal September 19th 1903:
A BROKEN LEG.
On Friday morning an old lady named Ann Rodway, almost 80 years of age, was admitted to the Ledbury Cottage Hospital, with a broken leg.
The unfortunate lady (who is rather eccentric in her manner) is stated to have independent means and is a widow, her husband having died, she states, some 16 years ago at Ledbury.
She passed last winter at the White Lion Restaurant in Bye Street, Ledbury, and during the summer has been away visiting her friends. She left a daughter on Thursday at Abergavenny to go to Ledbury, arriving there by the last train. Between 10 and 11 that night whilst the rain was falling and the wind blowing a hurricane, she was found wet through and very cold crouched under the wall on the pavement near the Victoria Temperance Hotel by Mr Albert Griffin, of the White Lion.
Knowing her well, he obtained assistance and took her to his house, where she complained of her leg.
It was little thought that the limb was seriously injured, but is was poulticed, and the next morning she suggested that Dr Tarbet should be sent for. He attended her at once, and found that her leg was broken, ordering her removal to the Cottage Hospital where she is receiving every attention. The daughter was sent for the same day.
The Victoria Temperance Hotel was in the Homend. More can be found about it here
Albert Griffin b 1873, from Somerset, married Bertha Ford b 1875, from Birmingham, in 1895 in Aston, Birmingham. They must have soon moved to Ledbury as their children were born here.
Cecil Albert b 1896 in New Town.
Randolph Stanley b 1898 in New Town.
Herbert Baden b 1901 in Bye St.
Phyllis Bertha b 1903 in Bye St.
Gladys Lilian b 1907 in Bye St.
Moving into the C20:
House No.
No of Rooms.
1910 Survey.
1911 Census.
1920 Register.
1939 Survey
38
10
Thos Brooks.
Thomas Brookes 49.
Timothy McCarthy.
Thomas Parry*.
* Thomas Parry is merely the first of 12 people listed here none of whose professions suggest they were in charge.
In the 1910 survey the White Lion is described as a Coffee House Stable & Premises with Thomas Brooks as occupier and Lane Bros & Baston of New Street Ledbury as owners.
The 1911 census shows it as a 10 room house with lodgers and lists:
Thomas Brooks Head 49 Fishmonger b Ledbury.
Jane Brooks 49 Wife b Ledbury.
Joe Brooks 18 Son b Ledbury.
Charlotte Brooks 17 Daughter b Ledbury.
Robert Brooks 11 Son b Ledbury.
Colin Millard Foster 31 Lodger Actor b London.
Beatrice Rose Foster 24 Lodger Actress b Bristol.
George West 53 Lodger Painter b Poole.
The Brooks family were prominent Lodging House Keepers in Bye Street. For more on them see the section on No 71 to 80 on the North side of Bye Street. They were here in 1817 as Jane died at the White Lion in that year.
The White Lion today.
The 1920 Electoral Register lists it as the White Lion Restaurant, Timothy and Mary Jane McCarthy in charge
From Tilleys the Brooks/Brace family (presumably the same family as were here in 1911) were here from 1926 to 1950. In 1955 it is referred to as the White Lion Lodging House, with W.R.T. Thomas in charge, in 1965 it is still called a lodging house, no name added but after that it is not even listed.
The White Lion has recently reopened as the Lion, a Beer House.
With George Barnes as the landlord of the White Lion in early C19 and the owner of plots No 191 and 190 in 1839, I believe this was originally part of the White Lion complex
In the 1910 survey the whole was owned by Lane Bros & Baston, Brewers, of New Street who also owned the Vine Tap.
For more on them click here
Plot No
Description
Owner.
1839 Occupier.
1841 census
190
House and Garden.
George Barnes.
Himself.
George Barnes 35.
Moving into the C20:
House No.
No of Rooms.
1910 Survey.
1911 Census.
1920 Register.
1939 Survey
40
6
Croad C R.
Charles Randell Croad 41.
Charles Randell Croad.
Pitt James R.
Charles Randell Croad married Elizabeth Hubbard in Blaby Leicestershire in 1896, They had 7 children, all born in Ledbury. Here in 1901, as a Fruit Dealer & Shopkeeper, with Alexandria b 1898, Violet b 1899 and Harold b 1900. Still here in 1911 with 4 more, Nellie b 1902, Doris b 1903, Robert b 1905 and Herbert b 1908. They have moved on by 1926.
In 1927 J Powell, Fruiterer etc is in residence until 1935.
In 1937 R Pitt & Son, Builder & Decorator moved in from No 16 (qv).
Reginald James Pitt, (1884 ─ 1961) was born in 50 Bridge St. to James, a mason, (1853 ─ 1940) and Mary Ann née Amyes (1850 ─ 1935) He married Mabel Florence Bishop (1882 ─ 1978) in 1905 in Ledbury. They had Ronald Harry in 1906 in Ledbury, Jack Lionel in 1908 in Birmingham , Mabel Phyllis in 1909 in Coventry, Reginald William in Ledbury in 1911 and Enid Margery in 1927. He obviously moved about a bit but settled in No 40 Bye Street by 1937 where he is a builder and decorator operating his building business from the back of No 40 and selling paint and wallpapers in the shop.
A member of the town council for 19 years his interests also included football, Toc H, road safety and the Congregational Church. He died at a Council Meeting in 1961,
Baker J C Ltd., Ironmongers, were in No 40 from 1962 until 1969 when the place was taken over by W J Taylor, Builder, until at least 2002 , the last year of the Tilley Directories.
A Foul Crime
From the Gloucester Citizen October 15th 1948:
FEATHERS CLUE ALLEGED AT LEDBURY.
A police constable following a trail feathers from a chicken run eventually discovering the bodies of three fowls in a nearby house, was described at Ledbury Magistrates Court yesterday.
Laban Copping, jun. c/o the White Lion Lodging House Bye street. Ledbury, was charged with stealing three fowls valued at £2 each, the property of Mr J R Pitt, 40, Bye-street, Ledbury.
P.C. P. J. Noakes said he found feathers scattered over the yard at the rear Mr. Pitt's house. He followed a trail of feathers over a wall, along a plot of ground and to a door leading into the rear the White Lion Lodging House, further down the street.
P.C. G. Painter told how, when he was searching a room occupied by Copping and his father, at the White Lion, he found three dead chickens in a cupboard under the stairs.
Mr. J. M. Nicoll said he was with Copping at the White Lion when Copping went outside tor a short time. He returned carrying three fowls.
Copping, who pleaded not guilty, was committed for trial at the November Assizes at Hereford. His application for release on bail was refused and he was remanded in custody.
Plot 189 seen here on the Tithe map is No 42 today.
Plot No
Description
Owner.
1839 Occupier.
1841 census
189
Houses & Gardens.
James Bailey.
Himself William Probert Ann Derrick William Smith.
James Bailey 78.
James Bailey, b 1763, died later in 1841.
Moving into the C20.
House No.
No of Rooms.
1910 Survey.
1911 Census.
1920 Register.
1939 Survey
42
5
Hy. Hodges.
Henry Hodges 60.
Henry Hodges.
Charles W. Hodges.
The Hodges name is linked to Bye Street from the early C19 with Benjamin Hodges in No 2 in 1839 (qv).
Born in 1850, Henry married Jane Baylis (1853 ─ 1926) in 1871.
In Bye Street (presumably No 2) for the birth of Ernest Henry in 1873, Arthur in 1875, Charles William in 1877, and later in Happy Land, further down Bridge Street, where Charlotte Elizabeth, 1879, and Eliza Jane, 1881, were born.
Following his father's trade he was a tailor to start with but became a tinman by 1875.
In 1891 the family are in New Street and by 1901 they are in No 42 where Henry is still a tinman with Charles, a Baker and Shopkeeper.
The 1910 census shows that Henry owned the property, described as Shop & Premises. Henry, still a tinman, Jane and Eliza Jane a shop assistant, Baking & Confectionery are resident in 1911. Henry died in 1936.
As a baker, Charles William married Winifred Summers, from Worcester St, in Ledbury on Mar 17 1906.
They had Annie in 1907 in Worcester St, Eliza in 1908 in No 50 Bye St, Henry in The Cottage Bye St (No 50) and Doris in 1917 in No 50 Bye St. He is established in No 42 by 1920, died in 1961 aged 85 having been a baker here for 60 years!. No 42 was later occupied by N L Wilkins, greengrocer.
John Fleetwood (1802 ─ 1881), a shoemaker, married Mary Ann Yarnold (1802 ─ 1889) in Ledbury in 1827.
They had:
Elizabeth in 1829
John in 1834
Charlotte in 1838
Henry in 1841
Ann in 1845
all born in Bishop/ByeStreet, presumably No 46.
John senior died in Bye Street in 1881, Mary Ann in 1889.
The 1841 census shows Lydia Hill, 65 living with Lucy Symonds 15, William Hafford 15 and James Woodrow 1.
The 1851 census shows Letitia Hill 70, Laundress living with James Symonds, a boatman, son, 34, born in Great Malvern, Jane Symonds, daughter in law 33 born in Suckley and Jane Symonds Granddaughter 3 born in Ledbury.
James Symonds b 1817 married Jane Pember in Ledbury in Mar qtr 1839. They had Harriett in 1846 (died 1847) and Jane in 1848 in Bye Street.
Lydia, aka Letitia, (the record actually does say that) Hill died in Bye Street in 1856 aged 72, ie born in 1784.
From all this it seems that Lydia was once a Symonds but remarried a Hill but I cannot find any more about her!
Moving into the C20:
House No.
No of Rooms.
1910 Survey.
1911 Census.
1920 Register.
1939 Survey
46
3
W H Meredith.
Henry Hodges 59.
James Ernest Preece.
Not listed.
Owned by W G Davis, Baker, of No 44 in 1910, nothing much of interest seems to have happened here before it was demolished by 1960. This house was where the car sales area is now.
Thomas Hill (1786 ─ ?), a widower, married Elizabeth Jay (1801 ─ ?) in Ledbury in 1823. They had:
Thomas in 1842.
Stephen in 1827.
Sarah in 1829.
William in 1834.
All in Bishop Street.
Richard Yarnold (1774 ─ 1837) married Dinah Symonds (1775 ─ 1851) in 1801 in Ledbury. They had:
Mary Ann in 1803.
Fanny in 1805.
John in 1811, died 1836.
Charlotte in 1814.
Richard in 1819.
Eliza in 1819.
Richard senior died in Bishop St in 1837, Dinah in the Homend in 1851.
Moving into the C20
House No.
No of Rooms.
1910 Survey.
1911 Census.
1920 Register.
1939 Survey
48
3
Wm Tustins.
Mary Tustins 61.
Esther Andrews.
Not listed.
Like No 46 this was also owned by W G Davis, Baker, of No 44 in 1910, nothing much of interest seems to have happened here before it too was demolished by 1960. This house was also where the car sales area is now.
More on Mary Tustins:
As Mary Protheroe she married Edward Tustins in Ledbury in 1880. Edward Tustins was a member of the extensive Tustins family.
His father, William Tustin (1821 ─ 1885 ) married Elizabeth Hodges (1826 ─ 1902) in 1852. They had:
Elizabeth in 1852
Ann in 1855
John Henry in 1857, died 1858 Edward in 1859
Ann (Hannah) in 1861
Sarah in 1863
Thomas William in 1866
Henry in 1870
Edward and Mary had one son, William John in 1881. The marriage it seems was not successful as this newspaper extract from the Hereford Journal August 26th 1893 shows:
LEDBURY. Charge of Bigamy:
At the Police Court on Saturday, before Mr. C W. Bell, a Ledbury man, named Edward Tustins, labourer, was charged with marrying Margaret McArthur, a widow, of Newport, his lawful wife, Mary Tustins, being then alive.
From the evidence of the prisoner's sister, the two women whom he had married, and Superintendent Phillips, it appeared that on June 13th. 1880, Tustins married Mary Protheroe at Ledbury Church. They lived together for about two years, and there was one child. Some family quarrel occurred. and the husband left. About five years ago Margaret McArthur became acquainted with the prisoner, who said he was a single man, and afterwards proposed to her. They were married at Cardiff in 1890. They had no children. Prisoner had left her on two occasions, and on the latter he said he had been to Ledbury. The evidence showed that since his second marriage he had been again living in Ledbury with his first wife.
Prisoner, in defence said he was no scholar, and he thought that if man and wife had heard nothing of each other for seven years they could marry again. He was committed to Hereford Assizes
Mary died in 1916, I cannot find what happened to Edward. Their son, William John, is with his mother in No 48 in 1911, nothing else positive found about him.
Two orchards were bought to establish the market and these were Plots 182 and 216, as shown here on the 1839 Tithe Map, and owned by Sarah Lucy.
John and Sarah Lucy owned quite a lot of land/properties in Ledbury in 1839 (see Nos 48 & 50) but I can't find out who they are. Who owned the orchards in 1886/7 is not known.
The map on the left shows the market area in 1903. All the cattle pens etc. are shown on the right of Market St. presumably the area on the left is that referred to in the newspaper report as "disposed of for building purposes".
The red numbers refer to the 1910 survey listing which is shown here:
Plot No
Description
Owner.
Occupier.
665
House & Premises.
R H Ballard New Street.
Shakesheff.
195
Cattle Market & Appurtenances.
Ledbury Market & Fairs Co.
Ledbury Market & Fairs Co.
197
Workshop, Stable & Premises.
Hatton W.H. New St.
Hatton W.H.
198
Hall.
Parish Hall Committee per Mr C.H.Bastow .
Parish Hall.
199
Land & Bldgs.
Wm. Brookes Bye St.
Wm. Brookes.
200
Fruit Market.
Ledbury Market & Fairs Co.
Ledbury Market & Fairs Co.
201
House, shop & premises.
R H Dawe Cattle Market Ledbury.
Robt. H. Dawe.
170
Smithy Premises.
Mrs. Chas. Davies New Street.
Mrs Davies.
174
House & Premises.
Mrs Dan Davies, Cheltenham.
Whittam.
I always imagined that the house in Market St. formerly John Goodwin Auctioneers Offices, was built at the same time as the Cattle Market but the above shows the site was the Fruit Market in 1910 so it must have been built when that ended.
The market space provided a useful space for the local youths to use!
From the Evesham Standard & West Midland Observer. November 14th 1903.
Too Successful.
On November 3rd, John James, a youth of Bye Street Ledbury, was amusing himself in Ledbury Cattle Market with a home made cannon, which he loaded with powder and shot.
He tried his prowess upon a notice board which was fixed to the brick wall, with the result that the board was split and several coping stones were blown off. Sergt. Lloyd stated that the damage would take a tradesman half a day to rectify. Defendant was ordered to pay 5s and 5s damages.
Plots No 179 & 287 on the Tithe map became No 50.
Plot No
Description
Owner.
1839 Occupier.
1841 census
179
Houses & Gardens.
Sarah Lucy.
Francis Pullen Richard Godsall.
Not satisfactorily explained.
287
Houses & Yards.
William Meredith.
Richard Jay. William Meredith. Samuel George.
Not satisfactorily explained.
Moving into the C20:
House No.
No of Rooms.
1910 Survey.
1911 Census.
1920 Register.
1939 Survey
50
5
Chas Hodges (listed in 2 adjacent premises).
Charles William Hodges 34.
Hodges Charles William.
Arthur Philpotts 64.
For more on Charles Hodges see No 42.
Arthur Richard Philpotts, a cowman, b 1875 married Elizabeth Annie Jones (1878 ─ ?) in Bromyard in 1896. They had Ernest Arthur in 1897, Violet Margaret in 1900 and Minnie Irene in 1902, all in Ledbury. Arthur died in 1954.
Arthur Philpotts was here until 1947, then Hannah Brace (for more on her see section 71 to 80 in the North side) until 1972.
No 50, seen here today, is the last house on this side abutting the street.
There were other even numbers, 52 to 58, which must have been behind, and accessed down the drive to the left of No 50. For more on this see Cattle Market above.
This area, Plot 182, was just an orchard in 1839 owned by Sarah Lucy (who also owned the properties each side as shown above)
The building of the canal changed this and this canal map of 1871 shows just one house, the 'Wharf House', and several warehouses/stables. These must have been demolished when the railways took over the canal as a map of 1886 shows nothing there. Note that ' the drive to the left of No 50 ' referred to above was the access to the Wharf area of the canal.
Here is a listing of the occupants in the 20C..
House No.
No of Rooms.
1910 Survey.
1911 Census.
1920 Register.
1939 Survey
52
2
J Powell.
Harry Shakesheff 24.
William Church.
Tom Brooks 77.
54
2
J Cale.
Joseph Cale 69.
James Ball.
Benjamin Morgan 49.
56
3
Shakesheff.
William Shaksheff 58.
Will Shakesheff.
Kate Morris 73.
58
2
C Barrett.
Cornelius Barrett 80.
Joseph Hoseland.
Not listed.
The area was variously known as the Gulley and the Dingle, nos 50 to 58 were all owned by R H Ballard of Ivy House New St in 1910.
From the above it seems that Nos 52 to 58 were built C1890 and must have been very small being only 2 or 3 rooms.
They were demolished in 1963/4 and replaced by a bungalow, the 'Ponderosa', in 1967 which remained until at least 2002 being replaced by the 'Hawthorns' shown here today with the original market wall on the left.